May 31, 2006
Forty-six years after the pill changed birth control and popular culture, the landscape has evolved and become varied. There are new products that few people have heard of, updated versions of old products that everybody has heard of, and even fresh twists on ancient birth-control practices your grandmother learned about from her grandmother, all competing for a share of the market. Here’s a look at what’s true, and what’s not, about some of the birth-control products available or on the horizon:
most days of the month. They prevent the ovaries from releasing eggs (ovulation) and thicken the cervical mucus to keep sperm from entering the uterus.
Myth: They can cause weight gain.
Fact: A recent analysis of more than 40 studies shows no link between weight gain and the pill.
What’s new: Pills with lower doses of hormones that may eliminate or reduce occurrence of menstrual periods to four times a year. The Food and Drug Administration is reviewing studies and will decide in late June whether to approve Lybrel, a low-dose pill which may eliminate periods if taken daily.
Other low-dose pills are providing extra benefits. Yaz, for example, can be used to treat premenstrual dysphoric disorder, a severe form of premenstrual syndrome or PMS. Another pill, Yasmin, has been shown in studies to reduce hirsutism, a condition marked by excessive facial and body hair.
Effectiveness: 99 percent
Side effects: Irregular menstrual bleeding. Rare side effects of Lybrel includedgallbladder inflammation, blood clots in deep veins, ectopic pregnancy, prolonged vaginal bleeding and enlarged uterine fibroids. There’s concern over whether women might irreversibly lose bone density when periods are suppressed for a long time.
Prescription needed: Yes
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Hormone shots
These are shots given by a doctor, from once a month to every 11-13 weeks. The hormone stops ovulation.
However, Depo-Provera, which was approved in 1992, caused bones to significantly and irreversibly lose calcium. This can increase risk of osteoporosis - in which bones become porous.
Myth: These can cause infertility.
Fact: A patient can become pregnant after she stops receiving the shots.
What’s new: The FDA approved depo-subQ provera 104, which contains 31 percent less hormone than Depo-Provera.
Effectiveness: In studies, women who received shots of depo-subQ provera 104 on time for a year did not become pregnant.
Side effects: Still can cause calcium loss; irregular spotting or bleeding; injected skin may become dimpled or lumpy.
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