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Birth control prices at school clinics rise sharply

July 26, 2007

At Miami University in Oxford, students paid as little as $10 for generics and $12 for the NuvaRing.

But since January, drug companies began notifying college health clinics they would no longer reap the significant discounts they received for years.

The average price for name-brand birth control pills has increased to at least $35 and as high as $50. Most students are now opting for generics costing about $20 a month.

“The question now is what are they going to have to give up if they want to buy birth control?” said Wendy McGonigal, WSU’s director of student health services.

Drug companies in the past provided college health clinics with prescription contraceptives at a nominal price as part of a Medicaid rebate practice that put cheap prescription drugs into the hands of low-income populations.

But Congress, concerned that drug companies were abusing the rebates to provide low-cost drugs to commercial customers as a marketing tool, embedded changes to those reimbursement rules in the Deficit Reduction Act of 2005.

The law, which went effect in January, has had unintentional consequences on college health clinics, according to the American College Health Association, which represents 900 college health clinics and their 17 million student patients nationwide.

The group wrote to the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid services in February asking it to exempt them from the new pricing regulations.

“It was a big stink,” McGonigal said.

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But the agency denied their request last week.

The resulting price hikes could be a problem for students who depended on their college health clinics for birth control services, college health officials said this week.

At Wittenberg, more than half of its daily clinic visits — about nine students — are for “women’s services,” according to registered nurse Eryn Smith. “That’s mainly what we see here.”

Students prefer name-brand drugs, bringing in magazine advertisements and coupons for heavily marketed brands, she said. But their high costs put clinicians like McGonigal and Smith in the position of writing prescriptions based on what students can afford.

“It’s part of the screening process now. We ask ‘Can you afford $40 a month?’ and they always say no,” Smith said. “We have to give them what they can afford, otherwise they’ll go back to using nothing.”

Students with no health insurance are the most affected, because they pay out-of-pocket for their health care.

Students on their parents’ insurance are also affected, either because insurers typically don’t cover prescription birth control, or because students choose to pay out of their pockets to keep parents in the dark.

“Just about everyone who comes in says ‘I don’t want my mom and dad to know I’m on birth control’ and then want it as cheap as possible,” Smith said. At WSU, McGonigal estimated she writes an average 40 birth control prescriptions a month and thinks about their costs every day.

After New Jersey-based Organon Inc. terminated WSU’s discount contract, the university “dug around and finally found two generics for $17. I pray every day it stays at that price,” McGonigal said. “But they could raise it any time.”

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China jails two men for birth-control riots

July 25, 2007

BEIJING (Reuters) - A court in southwest China has jailed two men who joined in violent mass protests against harsh family planning measures in May, finding them guilty of falsifying an official document, state media said on Monday.

Thousands of villagers rioted in several towns in Bobai county in the region of Guangxi from May 17-20, ransacking government buildings, burning cars and clashing with police, after being fined for breaching the one-child policy.

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The Bobai county court “recently” sentenced a man surnamed Peng and another surnamed Li to two years and one year in prison respectively for stoking the riots, the Xinhua news agency reported.

Peng was among those who were forced to pay up to tens of thousands of yuan for unapproved births of children.

The fines were part of a Bobai government drive to collect “social support fees” after the county was criticized for lax birth control earlier this year.

“Peng became discontented with the government’s family planning work…and wanted to retaliate by leading the unwitting masses to create disturbance at the government offices,” Xinhua quoted the court as saying.

Peng and Li cut and pasted the letterhead and seals from county authority documents onto a forged document claiming the government would refund the “social support fees” and give additional subsidies to villagers, Xinhua said.

They photocopied 400 copies of the forgery and handed them out to “instigate” residents in at least six townships in Bobai to demand the money, Xinhua said.

China launched its one-child policy in late 1970s to curb a ballooning population, now at more than 1.3 billion. The rules vary across the country but usually limit families to one or, at most, two children.

The government says China would have an additional 300 million people now had it not been for the policy, but it admits that the sometimes arbitrary enforcing measures, such as hefty fines and forced abortions, have long fuelled tension between officials and residents.

State media said in May that 28 people were detained for taking part in the Bobai riots, possibly the most drastic outbursts of discontent over the birth control drive so far.

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Study says plums act as baboon birth control

July 21, 2007

Baboons in the rainforests of Nigeria have found their own contraception in the shape of the African black plum, according to research carried out at Roehampton University.

Research by James Higham and colleagues found the plum is a source of progestogen and that eating it stops the female Olive baboons’ reproductive cycles.

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It also prevented the red swelling that female baboons produce when they are receptive to males.

Dr Higham, who published the study in Hormones and Behaviour, said that it was difficult to know if the behaviour was deliberate.

The former Roehampton University PhD student investigated the reproductive ecology of females at Gashaka-Gumti National Park for his PhD.

He used Roehampton’s state-of-the-art hormone laboratory to measure female reproductive function non-invasively from faeces.

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Marie Cocco: Birth control politics

July 17, 2007

Birth control is back. Not that it ever went away, despite the ardor with which conservative culture warriors have pushed their antediluvian attitudes about women and sex — and notwithstanding the official sanction the Bush administration has given this retro-think.

Barr Pharmaceuticals, maker of the “Plan B” morning-after contraceptive pill, estimates that sales doubled since the Food and Drug Administration approved over-the-counter sale of the product after a long, politically inspired delay. Opponents had argued that the pill is tantamount to abortion — which it is not. A woman takes the medication after unprotected sex, and it works like a high dose of birth-control pills. Plan B brought in $40 million annually when it was available by prescription only, according to Barr spokeswoman Carol Cox. The company estimates that sales this year, which marked the start of marketing without a prescription to women 18 and older, will reach $80 million.

More teenagers who have sex, meanwhile, are using condoms — 63 percent used a condom during their last sexual intercourse, according to data compiled by the National Center for Health Statistics. That’s up from 46 percent of sexually active high school students who reported using condoms in 1991. Progress in reducing the rate of births to teenaged mothers that began in the 1990s has held steady. So fewer girls are becoming mothers before they are emotionally and financially ready — and fewer babies are born burdened by the toxic mix of poverty and social stress related to teenaged parenting.

It turns out that protecting ourselves against unwanted pregnancies never went out of style.

Not even after years in which anti-abortion activists have tried to restrict women’s access to birth control with faith-based rhetoric that draws a link between abortion and contraception — though the only connection is that the failure to use birth control leads to more unwanted pregnancies and more abortions. Not even after the Bush administration’s unrelenting war on science, a crusade that includes showering unprecedented amounts of federal dollars on abstinence-only sex education. The programs have been found to have no effect in inspiring teenagers to delay having sex, have fewer sexual partners or abstain from sex altogether.

“I believe what’s happening in this country is, no longer are we listening to the vocal minority,” says Mary Jane Gallagher, president of the National Family Planning and Reproductive Health Association.

“I think the taboo created by that vocal minority does not hold any water.”

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Still, half of all pregnancies in the United States are unintended and half of those end in abortion. The U.S. rate of teen births is still the highest in the industrialized world — it’s about twice as high as the rate in Canada and about seven times higher than teen birthrates in such countries as Japan, Denmark and Sweden, according to the National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy. Nearly a third of American girls and young women will get pregnant at least once before they reach 20.

“The problem is that we’re acting like this isn’t a problem, and it certainly is,” says Jessica Sheets, a spokeswoman for the National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy.

Washington continues to promote what doesn’t work. A House appropriations panel recently approved a 25 percent hike in funding for abstinence-only sex education programs, despite a Democratic takeover of Congress that was supposed to bring some sanity — and science — back into the sex-ed discussion. Congressional leaders have said they included the increase to assure a smoother political course for the measure, which also contains funding for a broad range of health, education and labor programs.

It was political expedience, not science, that led the FDA to approve the nonprescription sale of the morning-after pill only for adults. There’s no medical reason why sexually active teenagers should not take it. And there’s every reason to expect they would benefit most from it, since impulsive teens are more likely to have unprotected sex than are adults. “We are always on the side of protecting yourself,” says Sheets, who adds that the pregnancy campaign’s new interactive Web site for teenagers is likely to include information about the morning-after pill. “It’s 100 times better than getting pregnant at 14.”

Splitting the difference is the route to political compromise. But Solomon knew well he could not split the biblical baby in two. No middle ground that imposes ideology on medical science is fair to women and girls. Because after all, there’s no such thing as being half pregnant.

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States’ failure on birth control a matter of concern: Ramadoss

July 11, 2007

Union Health Minister Anbumani Ramadoss today said that few states, particularly the Hindi speaking ones, are lagging behind in birth control, which is making stabilisation of population a mammoth task for the government.

Ramadoss said the population of several states even surpasses population of many countries. He said that out of the total population rise of 371 million between 2001 and 2026, 187 are likely to be added in the seven states in the Hindi heartland.

“Seventeen states have reached out target of total fertility rate below 2.1, but then most problematic states are Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Orissa and Chhattisgarh which have more population and total fertility rate is over three. So, we are focusing on these states and under national Rural Health Mission, we have focused on reducing Infant mortality rate, reduce maternal mortality and total fertility rate,” he said at a function to mark the World Population Day here.

Ramadoss added that the government is not forcing anybody on this fron , but is providing certain services like IUD, condoms, oral contraception pills; emergency pills to women; sterilization.

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He said lack of literacy among women is a major contributor to the burgeoning population. According to National Commission on Population (NCP), the population of India has nearly trebled in the last 50 years, from 361 million in 1951 to 1.027 billion in 2001.

Meanwhile in Patna, college students formed a human chain to raise awareness about birth control.

“We have gathered here to spread the message of World Population Day because of over population there is over utilization of resources and due to this there is always deforestation taking place and due to which we face many natural calamities,” said Alya Malick, a college student.

India was among the first countries to launch a state-sponsored family planning programme to curb its rapidly growing population as far back as 1952 when it was around 360 million. Yet, the population has almost tripled since then.

According to projections by the Planning Commission, if India continues at its current rate of adding 15.5 million people a year, it could overtake China to become world’s most populous country by 2045.

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Stray Kerala dogs face keyhole surgery to control birth rate

July 9, 2007

By Juhan Samuel, Kochi, July 3 : The killing of stray dogs in Kerala, has prompted the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (SPCA) and the Cochin Corporation to promote Animal Birth Control (ABC) by starting a keyhole surgery drive for stray dogs to control their reproductive ability.

M.K. Sethumadhavan, District Secretary of the SPCA, said it is the best way to control the birth rate of stray dogs, adding that ‘In few years the menace will be over in the cities of Kerala.’

The drive was started here recently by SPCA officials and veterinary doctors at the Mattancherry Veterinary Hospital by conducting keyhole surgeries on eleven stray dogs - seven female and four male.

‘The dogs are first given vitamins vaccinations and devorming medicines a day before the operation. By applying local anaesthesia, the surgery is performed. This has no side effect on the dogs which are released as soon as it recovers,’ said Jaison George, the person in-charge of the ABC programme.

In keyhole surgery, male dogs and bitches ed by removing the testicles and uterus respectively.

A good doctor can perform upto ten surgeries a day. Doctors undertaking such surgeries are provided with sterilized operation kits and syringe sets.

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After the operation and the post recovery period, the dogs are released at the place from where they were caught. Dogs are kept in cells for a day before surgery and three days after surgery.

The Kochi unit of the Society for Prevention of Cruelties to Animals (SPCA) is spreading this message among the masses even a year after its formal launch.

The main aim of the programme is to give hands on training to local vets.

The SPCA has been provided with a fund of rupees 445/- for each dog, which includes medicine, surgery equipment, vaccinations and other expenses.

For the first phase, a financial assistance for 500 dogs is provided to the SPCA. It has targeted 1000 keyhole surgeries in the coming days.

The Cochin Corporation is the first in the state to undertake this programme.

According to a study done in Hyderabad and other places, this is the best way to control the birth of dogs.

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If the pill is OK for you, then no period is OK

July 2, 2007

A. The Food and Drug Administration’s recent approval of a continuous-use birth-control pill to minimize periods did draw a lot of attention. Oral contraceptives have been used for more than 40 years and are considered safe for most women.

Minimizing menstrual bleeding doesn’t harm health. In some cases, continuous-use birth-control pills will benefit a woman’s health. They can help improve symptoms of cycle-related headaches, premenstrual syndrome and endometriosis, a painful disorder of the reproductive system. These conditions can be debilitating.

The pills also can be used for convenient menstrual timing. Some studies have shown that only one-third of women would prefer monthly periods; the remaining two-thirds are divided between a preference for quarterly periods and no periods at all.

The idea of manipulating menstrual cycles is not new. Last year the FDA approved a birth-control regimen designed to result in four periods a year. For years, doctors have taught women to minimize periods using typical estrogen-progestin pills.

Traditionally, women take birth-control pills with a combination of progestin and estrogen for 21 days. For the next seven days, women take placebo pills without hormones.

During that week, menstruation starts and the accumulated uterine lining comes out as menstrual flow.

When women skip the placebo pills and begin the next round of progestin-estrogen pills, the menstrual period doesn’t occur. The consistent hormone levels prevent the need to shed the uterine lining. Many women can successfully and safely eliminate bleeding for months or even years.

Some women may experience spotting or breakthrough bleeding after starting any oral contraceptives, whether in the traditional monthly fashion or continuously. This is not a cause for alarm or a reason to stop the pills. A health-care provider can tell women how to handle such bleeding.

Through the years, side effects from birth-control pills have been minimized without loss of effectiveness with decreasing hormone doses. Although all birth-control pills are considered safe, they aren’t entirely risk-free, nor are they appropriate for everyone. Several health conditions may rule out birth-control pills.

Before starting any such regimen, each woman needs to discuss her health history with a health-care provider. For optimal effectiveness and safety, the pills need to be taken exactly as directed.

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– Petra Casey, MD, obstetrics and gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn.

A wake-up call

An increase in trips to the bathroom — day or night — is a signal that it’s time to see a physician. Frequent urination often indicates an underlying medical condition. With proper diagnosis and treatment, it’s possible to return to normal urinary habits.

Here are some of the common causes of frequent urination:

* Urinary-tract infections: Symptoms of a bacterial infection of the bladder or the urethra (the tube through which urine flows out of the body) can include frequency, burning with urination, foul-smelling urine, fever and pelvic pain.

* Side effect of medication: Diuretics and other medications can increase urinary frequency.

* Age-related changes: Weakening of the bladder, urethra and pelvic-floor muscles may reduce the amount of the urine the bladder can store and the ability to hold or properly eliminate urine.

* Prostate problems: For men, an enlarged or infected prostate can lead to urgency and frequent urination, especially at night.

* Bladder problems: Frequent or urgent urination can be an early sign of bladder cancer. Bladder stones or bladder inflammation can cause frequent or painful urination.

* Diabetes: High sugar draws water into the bloodstream, which then must be excreted through the kidneys, increasing the need to urinate.

* Kidney disease: Diseases that impair renal function may affect the ability to concentrate urine, increasing the amount of urine produced.

* Congestive heart failure: A weak heart can’t pump blood efficiently, causing fluids to build up.

The kidneys produce large amounts of urine as they eliminate excess fluids.

The key treatment for frequent urination is addressing the underlying condition.

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